China and Spain are two countries characterized by very different locations and trajectories. The first is situated in Eastern Asia, ranking as the fourth largest country in the world, and it has had a communist regime for the past seven decades. In contrast, the second is located in the Mediterranean, considerably smaller, and has undergone a transition from a right-wing dictatorship to democracy during the same period. Given these geographical, political and even cultural differences between both countries, is a comparative exercise useful to analyse the history of women in archaeology? This paper will aim to answer this question by reflecting on a series of issues. Initially, we will examine whether concepts and theories applied in one country can be functional in the other, followed by considerations of methodology. We will then compare the political and social context of women in archaeology in both countries to identify commonalities and differences. We will finish the paper by discussing how useful comparative exercises are and what wider lessons we can learn from them.

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